Congress and BJP manifestos different. Both are strong on welfare for the marginalised, education, health, economy, environment, jobs, defence and infrastructure. On many dimensions, there are crucial differences. On difference Congress better! While the BJP treats Bharat's people as recepients of State largesse (reinforcing the colonial "mai-baap" mentality) Congress offers to empower citizens through rights they can use to hold the government accountable. In this, it is reviving its record of promulgating several rights based laws in the early 2000s. The mention of "rights" comes only once in the BIP manifesto, and it offers nothing on strengthening democracy (other than the cliché of Bharat being the "Mother of Democracy). The Congress notes the alarming reduction of citizens spaces in recent years and promises several actions-reviving federalism (with specific mention of empowering Ladakh. Kashmir, Puducherry and Delhi), returning autonomy to academic institutions, the media, the judiciary, and constitutionally mandated institutions (like Election Commission, and Human Rights Commission), all of which have been severely undermined of late. It adds the establishment of an independent Environment Authority. It notes the need to safeguard per sonal rights and the right to privacy. something the BJP is silent on other than promising a Uniform Civil Code, a move that - has generated enormous controversy. The only concession the BJP gives to village governance is more fiscal autonomy to panchayats, an Important proposal, of course, while the Congress says it will ensure gram sabha powers for all panchayar fancties. It promises equality for women through se meanares and specif cally mentions them of chuabled people and LGBTQIA(the BJP memtions only transgenders and divyangs in a limited context). An innovative promise by the Congress is a right to apprenticeship for all graduates, and its promises to unorganised workers are framed more in the language of empowerment than charity. It also lists actions to bring back communal harmony and stop hate speech and hate crimes. The BJP is silent on these issues. We know that poll manifestos can be easily forgotten once a party comes to office. But they do indicate a mindset. On that count, given its focus on empowerment, decentralisation, democratic freedoms and rights-based justice, the Congress manifesto seems to score over the BJP's top-down patronage approach Ashish Kothari is an environmontalist based in Pune
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