Understanding cancer terms

Oncology is the study of tumors, both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous). An oncologist is a specialist in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tumors or cancers.

“The signs and symptoms of cancer are manifestations of how cancer cells replace the functions of healthy tissue. Some examples include anorexia (lack of appetite), bruising, leukocytosis (slight increase of white blood cells), fatigue, cachexia (wasting), and thrombocytopenia (deficiency of clotting cells).”

Cancers are capable of destroying not only the tissue in which they originate (the primary site), but also other tissues, through the process of metastasis, the spread of cancer. Metastasis can occur by direct extension to contiguous organs and tissues or to distant sites through blood.

All cancers are neoplasms (new growths), but not all neoplasms are cancerous. Cancerous tumors are termed malignant, whereas noncancerous tumors are termed benign.

Staging of cancer:

To treat cancer, the treating physician must determine the severity of the cancer, the grade, and its stage, or size and spread. Cancers at different grades and stages react differently to various treatments.

From reports T stands for the tumour size, N fro the node status and its involvement and M is the bad sad spread. more  

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Very useful information more  
This is Sanman Kelkar, suffering from Brain Cancer since 2011. Felt like sharing my experience. Anyway, its a big one. Apologies if someone might find it boring but a humble request to go through till the end. I live in Mumbai. Now 41 years old, I had gone to Mohali, Chandigarh for an official visit on 25th Jan 2011. On 26th Jan while walking I banged myself on a glass wall. The persons around me told that I had a convulsion, and was convulsing for almost 15 mins. My colleagues admitted me into the nearby IVY Hospital in Mohali immediately. I was unconscious and shaking till I reached the hospital. After the admission MRI was done and I was detected with a 4 cm tumor in the right side frontal lobe of the brain. In medical terms it is called as Oligodendroglioma. Low Grade II. According to the doctors, It's the least dangerous tumor but unfortunately it was interleaved in the brain. I was immediately rushed to Mumbai and admitted to Hinduja hospital under Dr. B.K.Misra. I had to undergo Active Craniotomy( Surgery was done under mild anesthesia so that doctors could speak to me. They were constantly telling me to raise my hands and legs just to check whether my motor functions were functioning or not.). After around 6 hours of surgery, I felt uneasiness and told the doctors that I think I am going down. They told me not to worry and gradually closed the surgery. With God's blessing I came alive from the Operating Room. But unfortunately only 0.5 cm of the tumor out of 4 cm was removed from my brain since it was interleaved and according to the doctors it was too risky to touch any other parts of the brain( I could have lost my memory, I could have been paralyzed, etc, etc). Then I was advised Radiation and Chemotherapy. I had to take a capsule of Temodal for chemo and then undergo Radiation. This was for 6 weeks(5 days a week) i.e. 30 cycles. I use to take radiation, go to office and then come back. This really took a toll on my health. I couldn't eat solid food since I was feeling nauseous continuously. My diet was only butter milk and ORS(Oral Rehydration Salts) like Electral. After Radiation the convulsions are still there, Now they are increasing. In spite of MRI report showing no growth of any sort, I am still having repeated bouts of convulsion. Anyway, I am still fighting and will keep on fighting. I strongly believe in will power. Anyone with Brain Tumor(I sincerely hope there is no such case since Brain Tumor is the worst tumor to have), Kindly share his/her experience or any other alternative for stopping the convulsions. Thanks for bearing with me, Sanman Kelkar +91 98198 03799 more  
thanks. more  
S Drsyal i can understand and visualise your grief. I have stated in my other reply that RNA is a component that comes out od DNA and carries a code for funtion. Mutations can be accessed and that too multiple of them through blood and tumours in about 5-10 days that can help understand the mutation status. I have worked out as a clinician scietist and have created Indian data in cancers with also helping establish guidelines for few cancers based on mutation status in India. There is still more awareness that needs to clinicains as how it may be employed across stages. Aceprobe.com is a place where the mutation status of vancers can be had at a reasonable cost. This is a Govt. Ppp lab. However please note that not all cancers have the dna based therapy that can be assigned to them. Let me fone to your scond point.bit is very very important and findamental at the fery first ibstance to check the source of cancer to arrive at the decidion pertaining to where the tumour or lesion has begun. Some tissue stayining techniques, types of cells involved, detailed history can tell us where the cancer started. This is also known as the primary site. Unabilability of the information or inability to find this has a lot of treatment paradigms that may be randomly selected to treat the cancer by site amd jot by source. When itcomes to gynaecological cancers these may be several types and cuases could vary from viral disposition or hormones or as may be other forms of cancer. There is no single apprach or a vaccine. Alternatively food, environment, mental and physical health are all major contributors and an integrative finctional apprach to medicine can take a patient long way with least suffering. more  
My Grief:In a Toronto hospital,I was associated with stage four cancer patients,mostly ladies ,who suffered with cancer and had got their uterous removed and still unsafe and needed medication and some even chemotherapy, But,within one month or so,patients were getting dead or being killed on mercy grounds.After removal of uterous,how cancer was not controlled,if localised,was my grief and the chemotherapy being administered by hospital,I found just brain wash rather treatment,as multiple DNA mutates must be in their blood,some from virus and some from medications aswell.One of my close associate expired just after four days of chemothearapy,as there was no blood in body to create the imagionary anti-bodies.I discussed with other research experts,and they also said:the chemothearapy has to be designed first for the same DNA mutation in patients blood,being different in each patient;so for general use,O-group anti-bodies are normally developed and used,which is just hit and trial,and rarely works.There is not sufficient time to analyse and synthesise for each specific DNA mutation and in a single body also,there can be multiples of DNA MUTATES,RATHER ONLY ONE. Then one day,one nobel laureate talked and said:When everything is shattered,start a fresh life to survive and have health.So,he said RNA injection only works to have fresh ,baby DNA,after destroying all mutated cells of body,though a tough job;but no other way.Try,try,try again RNA injections. But,I am scientist,not surgeon to help such patients. more  
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